Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. There are over 200 known species, with a wide variety of colours and sizes.
One of the most popular varieties is the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, also known as the Chinese hibiscus or tropical hibiscus. This variety is known for its large, brightly coloured flowers and glossy green leaves. It is a popular choice for gardens and landscapes, as well as for use in the production of hibiscus tea.
Hibiscus plants prefer well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. They are tolerant of a wide range of temperatures and can be grown in both tropical and subtropical climates. However, they will not tolerate frost and should be protected from freesing temperatures.
In addition to its ornamental value, hibiscus has many traditional uses. The flowers are used in many cultures to make a tea known for its bright red colour, and its tart, cranberry-like flavour. It is also used as a food ingredient, in cosmetics and hair care products. Also, the leaves are used to wrap and cook food, in traditional medicine and as a source of fibre.
Three great options for your garden
Hibiscus Florida
Hibiscus Florida is a perennial species native to North America. It is commonly called “Hibiscus Florida” or “Rose Mallow” because of its large, showy flowers that resemble the tropical hibiscus.
Hibiscus Florida can grow quite large, reaching up to 2 meters high and around 1.8 meters wide. It prefers full sun to partial shade, and likes well-drained soils. It is hardy and can tolerate both heat and humidity.
This plant blooms in spring and summer and is a great plant if you are looking to add a tropical feel to your gardens.
Another great feature of this plant is its versatility. It can be used as a specimen plant, planted in groups, containers, patios/courtyards or even used as a hedge. For more information about this plant, click here.
Hibiscus tiliaceus rubra ‘Cottonwood’
Hibiscus tiliaceus rubra, also known as the “Cottonwood Hibiscus” is a large shrub or small tree that is native to coastal regions in Australia, Papua New Guinea and some parts of Indonesia. It is an evergreen plant that can grow up to 8 meters high.
The leaves of the Cottonwood hibiscus are large, glossy and deep green to red. When flowering in spring the beautiful yellow flowers stand out against the dark foliage. For more information about this plant, click here.
‘Cottonwood’ is often used as a screen or an informal hedge. With its dark, glossy leaves and beautiful yellow flowers, it adds both beauty and privacy to your garden. It is a hardy and adaptable plant that can handle hot Australian summers.
Hibiscus Cashmere Wind
Hibiscus Cashmere Wind is a compact Hibiscus, the does very well in large pots or containers whilst producing plenty of flowers in spring and summer. It is a versatile plant that can be used as a specimen plant, planted in groups, or even used as a hedge.
This plant has beautiful, large tropical flowers that contrast against the glossy green foliage. However, what makes ‘Cashmere Wind’ unique is its size. It only grows about 70cm high and 60cm wide. For more information about this plant, click here.
Are Hibiscus considered drought tolerant?
Most hibiscus are not considered to be particularly drought tolerant and need constant moisture. (This product is great for helping with heat stress, best applied before the stress but can also help after or during a heat wave.) However, Hibiscus ‘Cottonwood’ is much more drought tolerant and can handle hot Australian summers as it is an Australian native. If you are looking to be water wise then this is your best option.
How much water, do Hibiscus need each week ?
It depends on the type you have. Most Hibiscus plants require an average of about 25-50 mm of water per week, depending on the specific variety and the weather conditions. This can include rainfall as well as irrigation. However, Hibiscus tiliaceus rubra ‘Cottonwood’, once established needs about 10-20mm of water a week, depending on the weather, and can handle some short periods of drought.
Please note that in hot, dry conditions, they may require more frequent watering to maintain a consistently moist soil.
How often should Hibiscus be pruned?
To maintain a healthy plant, Hibiscus plants should be pruned once or twice a year, depending on the specific variety and desired growth habit.
To create a hedge you will need to trim your Hibiscus about every 8-12 weeks, depending on the growing conditions and time of year.
When is the best time of year to prune a Hibiscus?
The best time to prune hibiscus plants is in late winter or early spring, before new growth begins. This allows for the plant to focus its energy on new growth and blooming. Pruning at this time also makes it easier to shape the plant and remove any dead or damaged wood. It is also important to remove any spent blooms to encourage reblooming. Avoid pruning in the fall, as this can encourage new growth that may not have time to harden off before the first frost.
How to Prune Hibiscus: A Step-by-Step Guide
For equipment you will need a pair of sharp secateurs and a pair of sharp loppers.
- Start by removing any dead, diseased, or damaged branches: Look for any branches that are yellow, brown, or black, as these indicate that the branch is dead or diseased. Cut these branches back to the healthy wood just above a bud.
- Trim back any long or leggy branches: If you have any branches that are growing taller than the rest of the plant, cut these back to a more manageable length.
- Thin out the plant: Remove any branches that are growing inside the plant, crossing each other, or growing too close together. This will help to promote better air circulation and allow more light to reach the center of the plant. This also help reduce some pests.
- Shape the plant: Shape the plant, removing any branches that are growing outside the desired shape, always cut back to a bud facing in the direction that you want the new growth to grow.
- Clean up the debris: After you have finished pruning, clean up any debris from around the base of the plant. This will help to prevent the spread of disease and pests.
- Water and fertilise the plant: Give the plant a good drink of water to help it recover from the pruning and fertiliser to help it promote healthy new growth (advice on fertiliser later in this article)
By following these steps, you can help keep your plant healthy and looking its best. Remember, hibiscus plants benefit from regular pruning, so be sure to prune yours every year to encourage new growth and to keep it looking its best. If you are looking for some high-quality secateurs, here are two great options depending on your budget: option 1 and option 2. If you are looking for some great loppers here are two great options: one anvil lopper and one bypass lopper.
How many meters do Hibiscus grow in a year?
Most Hibiscus will grow 0.7-1 meter per year. However, the growth rate of plants can vary depending on the specific variety, growing conditions, the maturity of the plant and how well it is maintained.
Should Hibiscus be fertilised?
Yes, Hibiscus plants can benefit from regular fertilization to support healthy growth and blooming.
What fertiliser is best for Hibiscus?
The best fertiliser for hibiscus plants is a balanced fertiliser that is high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Organic options such as bone meal, blood meal, or fish emulsion can also be used. Here is a great balanced organic fertiliser that can be used on just about every plant.
How do you apply fertiliser to a Hibiscus?
Fertiliser can be applied to hibiscus plants either by mixing it into the soil at planting time or by spreading it on the soil surface around the base of the plant. Water the fertiliser in well to help it reach the roots.
How often should Hibiscus be fertilised?
Hibiscus plants should be fertilised every 6-8 weeks during the growing season, depending on the fertiliser you have chosen. It is important to follow the recommended application rate on the fertiliser package. Over-fertilisation can lead to lush foliage at the expense of blooms.
What pests are common with Hibisicus?
Hibiscus plants can be affected by a variety of pests, including:
- Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects can be found on the tips of new growth and on the undersides of leaves. They suck the sap from the plant, causing yellowing and distortion of the leaves.
- Whiteflies: These tiny, white insects can be found on the undersides of leaves. They feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and stunted growth.
- Mealybugs: These small, white insects can be found on the stem and leaves of hibiscus plants. They feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing and distortion of leaves.
- Spider mites: These tiny, red or brown insects can be found on the undersides of leaves. They feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing, stippling, and distortion of leaves.
- Hibiscus Beetle; A small, 3-4mm in size, black or dark brown beetle pest that affects hibiscus plants. It causes damage to the leaves by chewing holes in them and also eats the buds and flowers, reducing the overall appearance and health of the plant.
- Scale insects: These small, brown or grey insects can be found on the stems and leaves of hibiscus plants. They feed on the sap of the plant, causing yellowing, distortion, and stunted growth.
- Thrips: These tiny, slender insects can be found on the flowers and leaves of hibiscus plants. They feed on the sap of the plant, causing distorted and discoloured flowers. It’s important to keep an eye on the plants and if you notice any of these pests, take action promptly to prevent them from causing serious damage to the plant.
What diseases are common with Hibiscus?
Hibiscus plants can be affected by a variety of diseases, including:
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease causes a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems of the plants. It can lead to distorted and discoloured leaves and can affect the overall health of the plant. Here is an organic fungicide that will help with Powdery Mildew and Black Spot.
- Rust: This fungal disease causes orange or yellow spots on the leaves and stems of hibiscus plants. It can lead to distorted and discoloured leaves and can affect the overall health of the plant.
- Root rot: This fungal disease is caused by overwatering or poorly draining soil. It can cause the roots of the plant to rot, leading to wilting and yellowing of the leaves and stunted growth.
- Verticillium wilt: This fungal disease can cause the leaves of hibiscus plants to yellow, wilt and drop. It can also cause the stem and branches to become stunted and brittle.
- Botrytis blight: This fungal disease can cause brown or grey lesions on the leaves and flowers of the plants. It can lead to distorted and discoloured leaves and can affect the overall health of the plant.
- Bacterial blight: This bacterial disease can cause brown or black lesions on the leaves, flowers, and stems of hibiscus plants. It can lead to distorted and discoloured leaves and can affect the overall health of the plant.
It’s important to keep an eye on the plants and if you notice any symptoms of these diseases, take action promptly to prevent them from causing serious damage to the plant. Proper watering, good air circulation, and regular cleaning of the leaves can help to prevent the spread of diseases. It’s also worth noting that some of these diseases can be spread by infected plant material and tools, so it’s important to clean and sanitize any tools that have come into contact with an affected plant.
How do you keep Hibiscus blooming?
There are several ways to keep hibiscus plants blooming:
- Provide Adequate Light: Hibiscus plants need at least six hours of direct sunlight per day to bloom properly. Make sure the plant is placed in a location that receives plenty of sunlight.
- Keep the Soil Moist: These plants need to be kept consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Make sure to water the plant regularly and check the soil moisture level before watering.
- Fertilise Regularly: Hibiscus plants benefit from regular fertilisation. Use a fertiliser specifically formulated for hibiscus or a balanced, water-soluble fertiliser.
- Prune Regularly: Regular pruning can help to promote blooming. Prune the plant in the spring or early summer, removing any dead or damaged branches and shaping the plant to encourage new growth.
- Keep an Eye on Temperature: These plants prefer warm temperatures and can struggle in temperatures below 12 degrees Celsius. Keep the plant indoors or in a protected location during cold weather.
- Pest and Disease Control: Regularly check for pests and diseases and take action promptly if any are found. A healthy plant is more likely to bloom well.
By following these tips, you will be able to keep your hibiscus blooming and healthy.
Does Epsom salt help hibiscus bloom?
Epsom salt, which is a form of magnesium sulfate, is sometimes used as a fertiliser for hibiscus plants to promote blooming. Magnesium is an essential nutrient for plants, and a deficiency in magnesium can lead to poor blooming.
Some gardeners recommend using Epsom salt as a foliar spray or adding it to the soil around the plant to supply the plant with the magnesium it needs to bloom. However, it’s important to note that Epsom salt should be used in moderation and not over-applied as it can lead to other nutrient imbalances and even harm the plant. It’s also worth noting that while Epsom salt can help with blooming, it’s not a cure-all solution and other factors such as light, water, temperature, and pests/diseases must be considered.
If in doubt, it’s best to consult with a horticulturist or a local nursery before using Epsom salt on your hibiscus, as the amount and frequency of use can vary depending on the specific growing conditions and the stage of growth of the plant. They will be able to give you the most accurate and safe recommendations for your plant.
How many times a year do hibiscus bloom?
The blooming frequency of hibiscus plants can vary depending on the specific variety, the growing conditions, and the care the plant receives.
Some varieties, such as tropical hibiscus, can bloom year-round with proper care and ideal growing conditions. These varieties typically produce flowers in flushes, with periods of heavy blooming followed by a period of rest before blooming again.
Other varieties, such as hardy hibiscus, have a more defined blooming season. They typically bloom in spring and summer, or summer and autumn depending on the climate they grow in.
In general, hibiscus plants need adequate light, moisture, and fertilization to promote blooming. Regular pruning and pest/disease control can also help to encourage blooming. By providing the right growing conditions and care, you can help to maximize the blooming potential of your hibiscus plants.
Should you cut off dead hibiscus flowers?
Yes, it is generally recommended to cut off dead flowers to promote healthy growth and encourage the plant to produce more flowers. This process is called deadheading.
Deadheading involves removing the spent blooms, or flowers that have wilted or faded, from the plant. This can be done by snipping off the flower at the base of the stem with a pair of sharp scissors or pruning shears. By removing the dead flowers, you are preventing the plant from wasting energy on producing seeds, and instead redirecting that energy into producing new flowers. This can help to prolong the blooming period of the plant and promote overall plant health.
Additionally, removing the dead flowers can also help to prevent the spread of diseases, as spent blooms can harbor disease-causing pathogens. It’s also important to remove any yellow or wilted leaves from the plant as they can indicate a disease or pest problem.
Regular deadheading can be done as soon as a flower fades, and it’s also important to remove any seed pods that may form after the blooms have died. This process can be repeated as long as the plant is blooming.
How long does a hibiscus plant live?
How long a Hibiscus will live depends greatly on the variety you choose and will also be effected by the environment it is grown in and how well it is maintained. Some Hibiscus have been known to live for up to 50 year, others may only survive 5-7 years. Talk to your nursery when buying your Hibiscus to get more information about the specific varieties you are looking at.
Can you get Dwarf Hibiscus?
Yes, there are dwarf varieties of hibiscus that are available. Dwarf plants are smaller in size and can be a great option for small gardens or container gardens. They typically reach a height of 50-70cm and have a similar width. They are also suitable for indoor growing and they are not invasive.
Some popular dwarf hibiscus varieties include:
- Hibiscus ‘Midnight Marvel’, which has deep purple-black flowers and reaches a height of 2-3 feet.
- Hibiscus ‘Lil’ Kim’, which has pink flowers and reaches a height of 1-2 feet.
- Hibiscus ‘Little Red’, which has red flowers and reaches a height of 1-2 feet.
- Hibiscus ‘Miniature Rose’, which has pink flowers and reaches a height of 2-3 feet.
Dwarf hibiscus plants generally have the same care requirements as larger varieties, including full sun and well-draining soil. They may also need regular watering and fertilization to keep them healthy and blooming.
Can hibiscus survive in pots?
Yes, hibiscus can survive and thrive in pots as long as they are provided with the proper care and conditions.
When grown in pots, hibiscus plants require well-draining soil and a large enough container to accommodate their root system. They also need regular watering, as the soil in pots tends to dry out more quickly than in the ground. It is important to avoid over-watering, which can lead to root rot.
Hibiscus plants in pots require regular fertilization and regular pruning to maintain their shape and encourage new growth. They also need to be protected from frost, if you are living in cold climate area.
It’s important to remember that potted plants may require more frequent repotting or root pruning as they outgrow their container. This will help to keep the plant healthy and promote new growth. Additionally, it’s also important to protect the plant from pests and diseases, which can be common in container grown plants.
Overall, potted hibiscus plants can be a great option for small gardens or indoor spaces, as long as they are provided with the proper care and conditions.
Where do hibiscus grow best in Australia?
Hibiscus plants are native to tropical and subtropical regions, so they grow best in warm, humid climates. In Australia, these plants can be grown successfully in a variety of climates, but they tend to thrive in the warmer regions of the country such as Queensland, Northern Territory, Northern New South Wales and Western Australia. Hibiscus do not like frost, so if you are in an area of Australia prone to frost then these are not a great plant for you.
The best location for hibiscus plants in Australia is a spot that gets full sun and has well-draining soil. They also require regular watering and fertilization to keep them healthy and blooming.
Hibiscus plants can be grown in a variety of soils, but they prefer a slightly acidic soil with a pH between 6 and 7. (To find out what your soil pH is use this kit.) They also prefer a soil that is high in organic matter.
In Australia, these plants are generally hardy and easy to grow, but they may require protection from frost in the colder regions. They may also be damaged by strong winds or heavy rainfall.
Hibiscus plants can be grown in pots or in the ground, and can be an attractive addition to any garden with their large, colourful flowers. They can also be used as hedges or as a focal point in a garden bed.
